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   electrochemical methods:
      dc polarography
      ac polarography/ voltammetry
      cyclic voltammetry
      fast cyclic voltammetry at gold microelectrodes (up to 10 kV/s)
      impedance spectroscopy
                                                                                                                       important literature


   other methods:
      in situ UV-Vis spectroelectrochemistry
      in situ FTIR spectroelectrochemistry
      fluorescence spectroscopy
      surface tunneling spectroscopic techniques (STM)
      atomic force microscopy (AFM)
      electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)